Untracked Nightmares: The Threats Hiding Behind Commodity Infrastructure

A recent Unit 42 investigation into seemingly low-priority enterprise infections demonstrates how the most effective camouflage in cybercrime is not necessarily in the use of sophisticated techniques, but in how unremarkable the threat appears. The activities that we investigated would typically not require escalation or further inquiry. But upon closer inspection, we discovered a massive cybercrime campaign largely targeting young gamers. Tracked as CL-CRI-1171, in accordance with Unit 42’s attribution framework, the group behind this cluster has operated under the radar for at least two years, distributing an indeterminate number of payloads.

The group behind CL-CRI-1171 provides an infection service for other threat actors who want to spread their malware indiscriminately. This pay-per-install (PPI) marketplace drove hundreds of infections through YouTube channels and a parallel search engine optimization (SEO)-poisoning funnel, all using the same custom loader.

We observed at least eleven YouTube channels that had hundreds of thousands of followers. We notified YouTube of these channels, which it promptly terminated.

These channels were actively interacting with viewers to promote gaming content laced with links to download malware. Content in the channels included advice on improving frame rates, fixing game crashes and adjusting settings on game platforms. Although the videos provided real content for gamers, they also served as the delivery vehicle for infection, prompting viewers to download malicious tools.