Euro area government deficit at 3.0% and EU at 3.1% of GDP

In the euro area (EA20) the government deficit to GDP ratio remained unchanged at 3.0% in 2024 and 2025. In the EU, it also remained unchanged at 3.1%, the same level as in 2024. In the euro area the government debt to GDP ratio increased from 86.6% at the end of 2024 to 87.7% at the end of 2025, and in the EU from 80.3% to 81.5%.

In this release, Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union, is providing government deficit and debt data for the years 2022-2025, based on figures reported by EU Member States in the second notification in 2026, for the application of the excessive deficit procedure (EDP). This notification is based on the ESA 2010 system of national accounts. This release also includes data on government expenditure and revenue.

Deficit and debt data for Euro area and EU

In 2025, all Member States, except Cyprus (+3.6%), Denmark (+2.9%), Greece (+2.0%), Ireland (+1.8%) and Portugal (+0.7%), reported a deficit. The highest deficits were recorded in Romania (‑7.8%), Poland (-7.2%), Belgium (-5.2%) and France (‑5.1%). Eleven Member States had deficits equal to or higher than 3% of GDP.

At the end of 2025, the lowest ratios of government debt to GDP were recorded in Estonia (24.0%), Luxembourg (26.0%), Denmark (27.2%), Bulgaria (29.9%), Ireland (34.8%), Sweden (35.1%) and Lithuania (39.3%). Twelve Member States had government debt ratios higher than 60% of GDP, with the highest registered in Greece (145.4%), Italy (136.7%), France (115.7%), Belgium (108.1%) and Spain (100.5%).

In 2025, the government total expenditure to GDP ratio in the euro area stood at 49.8% of GDP and the government total revenue to GDP ratio stood at 46.8%. The figures for the EU were 49.4% and 46.3%, respectively. Government revenue and expenditure ratios increased both in the euro area and the EU compared to 2024.