Childhood lead exposure remains a preventable health threat in the Americas

Lead exposure affects up to 815 million children worldwide. During International Lead Poisoning Prevention Week, PAHO highlights the need to identify sources of exposure, strengthen surveillance, and protect children from the harmful effects of lead.

Washington, D.C., 21 October 2026 (PAHO) – Lead poisoning often goes unnoticed. Children can be exposed to this toxic metal in their homes and communities without showing obvious symptoms, even as it affects their brain development and long-term health. During International Lead Poisoning Prevention Week, held from 18 to 24 October, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is calling for stronger efforts to detect and prevent lead poisoning, particularly among children.

Lead poisoning is estimated to affect up to 815 million children—one in three globally. Children are particularly vulnerable because their developing brains and nervous systems are more susceptible to lead's toxic effects. There is no known safe blood lead concentration, and the World Health Organization (WHO) notes that even levels below 3.5 micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (µg/dL) may be associated with decreased intelligence, behavioral difficulties and learning problems.

In Latin America and the Caribbean, available studies estimate that approximately 30% of children tested had blood lead levels above 5 µg/dL, and 6.78% had levels above 10 µg/dL. WHO recommends identifying and eliminating sources of exposure when blood lead concentrations reach 5 µg/dL or higher. However, significant data gaps remain, making it difficult to determine the full extent of childhood exposure across the Region.